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Evolutionary dynamics and research hotspots of phage applications against Klebsiella pneumoniae infections from the past to the new era

Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Liu J, Zhang Z

Frontiers in microbiology, 2026

Abstract

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a critical opportunistic pathogen, with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae posing severe threats to global public health due to escalating antimicrobial resistance. As natural bacterial predators, phages represent a highly promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the research landscape, collaborative networks, and evolutionary trends of phage applications against Klebsiella pneumoniae infections through bibliometric analysis.

Methods: Core bibliographic data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Following rigorous literature screening based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, mainstream bibliometric analysis tools, including VOSviewer and CiteSpace, were comprehensively deployed to map and analyze the temporal dynamics of publication outputs, international collaboration networks among countries, institutions, authors, and journals, reference co-citation matrices, and keyword co-occurrence configurations, alongside timeline visualizations and citation burst detection, thereby systematically delineating the evolutionary blueprint of this research domain.

Results: A total of 1,275 valid original publications were ultimately enrolled. Chronologically, the global annual publication volume exhibited a pronounced exponential growth trajectory (y = 3.4589⋅e 0.2381(x-2007), R 2 = 0.9706).…

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