Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway: a possible new mechanism for the prevention and treatment of reproductive system-related diseases
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is one of the essential amino acids, and its metabolic pathway is essential for the maintenance of normal human physiological activities. Among them, various metabolites and rate-limiting enzymes of the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway play important roles in inflammatory responses, immune regulation, energy metabolism, as well as neuroprotective and toxic effects. Abnormalities in tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolism thus inevitably lead to numerous pathological changes, such as reproductive disorders. It is noteworthy that the prevention and treatment of reproductive diseases are not currently focused on this pathway. In view of the increasing number of studies that have found abnormalities in the levels of key enzymes and metabolites of tryptophan-kynurenine in reproductive diseases, this article will focus on summarizing the molecular mechanisms and relevance of the pathway in reproductive diseases, as well as proposing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reproductive diseases, including the use of inhibitors of the pathway and the regulation of tryptophan metabolism in the intestinal flora.
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