Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with a Higher 5-Year Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CPAP Use in Older Adults: An Anchor-Based Network Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard first-line treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients with OSA exhibit a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and CPAP treatment has been reported to improve vitamin D levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of patients receiving a diagnosis of OSA or utilizing CPAP, using the TriNetX research network to obtain real-world data. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database was conducted to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and patients with risk of receiving an OSA diagnosis or patients treated with CPAP in older adults (≥65 years). Patients were stratified into four groups according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels: severe deficiency (D10, ≤10 ng/mL), mild deficiency (D20, 11-20 ng/mL), insufficient vitamin D status (S30, 21-30 ng/mL), and normal vitamin D status (N100, 31-100 ng/mL). After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust for baseline covariates, patients were followed for up to 5 years for newly diagnosed OSA and CPAP use (an administrative-clinical outcome influenced by non-disease-related factors such as healthcare access and clinical practice), with vitamin D status assessed at the index date. An anchor-based network meta-analysis was also performed to integrate direct and indirect evidence…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 2,289,855 participants or records.
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