Comparative Efficacy of Non-Pharmacological Multicomponent Interventions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Frailty or Prefrailty: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of different non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions in community-dwelling older adults with frailty or prefrailty and to determine the most effective non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions.
Background: Frailty or prefrailty is highly prevalent among community-dwelling older adults and contributes to significant distress among older adults and increases the caregiver burden. Non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions are recommended for first-line management; however, the comparative efficacy among interventions remains unclear.
Methods: A systematic electronic literature search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP and Sinomed databases up to July 1, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions compared with routine care or other interventions in community-dwelling older adults with frailty or prefrailty were included. A random effects model based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation was used for the network meta-analysis. Efficacy was assessed via standardized mean differences with 95% credible intervals, and interventions were ranked via surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities.
Results: Twenty-two RCTs were included in the analysis. For overall frailty level, exercise +…
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