Effects of macro- and micronutrient intake on bone mineral density, osteoporotic fracture risk, inflammation, and functional rehabilitation outcomes in orthopedic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Nutritional and therapeutic methods are used to enhance bone health and assist in fracture healing while improving functional ability and reducing inflammation and bettering surgical results. The overall effectiveness of these methods for multiple applications remains unknown. This meta-analysis assessed the impact of various treatments on patients with orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorders.
Methods: The systematic review examined 95 studies which were organized into seven distinct outcome domains. The study used random-effects meta-analysis with inverse variance weighting to determine standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The study used the Jadad scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias and GRADE criteria to evaluate study quality while the researchers used funnel plots and Egger's test to assess publication bias.
Results: Interventions significantly improved BMD (SMD = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31-0.62; p 2 = 79%), bone turnover markers (SMD = -0.69; 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.20; p = 0.004; I2 = 99%), inflammation/oxidative stress markers (SMD = -1.34; 95% CI: -1.45 to -1.23; p 2 = 0%), and postoperative recovery/metabolic outcomes (SMD = -2.04; 95% CI: -2.31 to -1.77; p 2 = 86%). No significant effects were observed for fracture healing (SMD = -0.43; 95% CI: -0.96-0.10), functional/muscle outcomes (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: -0.06-0.80), or miscellaneous outcomes (SMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.96-0.16).
Conclusion: The study results demonstrate that nutritional…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Effectiveness of Bisphosphonates and Denosumab on Risk of Vertebral Fractures in Prostate Cancer Patients Under Androgen Deprivation Therapies: A Real-World Prospective Study
- Osteoporosis-related fractures after spinal cord injury: a retrospective study from Brazil
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and mortality in older men
- Lack of Association between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Cardiovascular or Fracture Risk: A UK Biobank Study
- Muscle strength and body composition are clinical indicators of osteoporosis
- Incidence of bone protection and associated fragility injuries in patients with proximal femur fractures
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.