Risk factors for vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Vertebral fractures are the most common osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women and are strongly associated with higher morbidity, lower quality of life, and higher risk of death. Identifying risk factors for vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women is essential for early prevention and intervention. The aim of this study was to systematically assess and quantify the risk factors for vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women by meta-analysis.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to include all observational studies reporting risk factors for vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. The search was conducted from the date of database creation to April 20, 2025, Study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were analyzed using Stata15 software.
Results: A total of 11 studies involving 7,605 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that advanced age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.12], higher body mass index (BMI; OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.14), previous fracture (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29-2.45), low lumbar-spine bone mineral density (BMD; OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.27-1.89), glucocorticoid use (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.34-4.09), and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.38-6.45) were associated with a higher likelihood…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 7,605 participants or records.
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