The impact of high-quality dietary patterns on the prevention of osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Abstract
Current prevention and treatment strategies for osteoporosis face limitations such as uncertain long-term efficacy, potential safety concerns, and poor adherence. Given these challenges, dietary interventions have emerged as a possible alternative. This study conducts a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association between high-quality dietary patterns and osteoporosis risk. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases through March 2025. We included observational studies that examined the association between high-quality dietary patterns (HEI, DASH, AHEI, hPDI, MeDS) and osteoporosis. The study selection followed predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. A total of 9 articles (including 22 studies) with 243,846 participants were ultimately included. Random-effects model analysis showed that high-quality dietary patterns overall had significant protective effects against osteoporosis (pooled OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94). Subgroup analyses indicated: DASH (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57-0.90) and HEI (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.33-0.66) showed significant protective effects. North America (OR = 0.85,95% CI: 0.74-0.97) and Asia (OR = 0.63,95% CI: 0.55-0.72) demonstrated protective effects. A potential protective effect (OR = 0.80,95% CI: 0.70-0.92) was shown in cross-sectional studies. The protective effect was more significant in women (OR = 0.63,95% CI: 0.53-0.74). High-quality…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 243,846 participants or records.
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