Prevalence of urolithiasis in adults of the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Urolithiasis is a disease with a prevalence of 5% to 15% worldwide, especially in developed countries. Various factors contribute to the increasing trend, including changes in lifestyle, diet, and cultural, economic, and geographical influences. Given the environmental and geographical diversity, investigating the prevalence of this disease in the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) can provide valuable insights into its status. This systematic review was conducted using international databases, including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest, utilizing the earliest available data from these sources until the end of July 2024. The analysis of the studies’ heterogeneity was performed using the Cochran test and the I
2 index, with analyses carried out using STATA.V14 software. A total of 1773 studies were reviewed, resulting in the identification of 39 articles that met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects model estimated that the prevalence of urolithiasis among adults is 14.17% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.88-17.47). Additionally, men (19.48% [95% CI, 13.58-25.37]) were found to be more likely affected by this disease than women (13.34% [95% CI, 9.37-17.31]). The findings indicated that urinary stones have become more prevalent in the adult population over the years, with an increase in the development index (Reg Coef = 0.02, 95% CI: −0.008 to 0.062, P = .128 for a year; Reg Coef = 0.50, 95% CI: −1.27…
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