Impact of Vitamin D Concentration on Postoperative Outcomes and Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Despite its beneficial effect on the healing of bone fractures and in the treatment of osteoporosis, there is still a lack of evidence on the impact of clinical outcomes after a total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This review aims to establish the role of vitamin D in clinical outcomes after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: In this review, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were cross-checked by two reviewers independently. The inclusion criteria were original human studies published in English from 2014 to 2024. For identification-relevant studies, the search terms used were as follows: "Vitamin D" and "total knee arthroplasty" or "total knee replacement" or "total joint arthroplasty" or "total joint replacement". Case reports, letters and expert consensuses were excluded from the analysis. Finally, 19 studies were included in this review. Results: A literature review shows that vitamin D may have an impact on patients treated for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee with a significant prevalence of hypovitaminosis in orthopedic patients. The influence was observed for periprosthetic joint infections: PJI patients have significantly lower vitamin D levels than primary ones. Also, a greater incidence of revision knee surgery due to PJIs in the deficient group compared to the non-deficient group at a one-year follow-up was found, of up to a 2-fold increase. This affects the clinical outcome with a lower Knee Society Score (KSS) functional score…
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