Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model
Abstract
Abstract Background The objective of this study was to increase understanding of the complex interactions between diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome of adult female non-human primates (NHPs). Subjects consumed either a Western ( n =15) or Mediterranean ( n =14) diet designed to represent human dietary patterns for 31 months. Body composition was determined using CT, fecal samples were collected, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Gut microbiome results were grouped by diet and adiposity. Results Diet was the main contributor to gut microbiome bacterial diversity. Adiposity within each diet was associated with subtle shifts in the proportional abundance of several taxa. Mediterranean diet-fed NHPs with lower body fat had a greater proportion of Lactobacillus animalis than their higher body fat counterparts. Higher body fat Western diet-fed NHPs had more Ruminococcus champaneliensis and less Bacteroides uniformis than their low body fat counterparts. Western diet-fed NHPs had significantly higher levels of Prevotella copri than Mediterranean diet NHPs. Western diet-fed subjects were stratified by P. copri abundance ( P. copri HIGH versus P. copri LOW ), which was not associated with adiposity. Overall, Western diet-fed animals in the P. copri HIGH group showed greater proportional abundance of B. ovatus , B. faecis , P. stercorea , P. brevis , and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii than those in the Western P. copri LOW group. Western diet P. copri LOW subjects had…
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