Cluster Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Sleep Quality, Depression and Melatonin Levels in Patients with Idiopathic Subjective Tinnitus
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since the relationship between tinnitus and quality of sleep is still a subject of research, serum melatonin levels may have a role. The aim was to reveal the structural similarities or dissimilarities regarding clinical features, tinnitus-related quality of life (QoL) effects, serum melatonin levels, and sleep quality in patients who have unilateral idiopathic subjective tinnitus.
METHODS: A total of 83 cases (46 males, 55.4%; 37 females, 44.6%), with a median age of 51 (range: 18-73) years, were included in the study. Cluster analysis was used to analyze demographic, laboratory, clinical, and sleep-related features of the whole sample in a multivariate manner.
RESULTS: Two separate sets of clusters were organized. In Cluster-2, age was older, serum melatonin levels were lower, tinnitus pitch and loudness were higher, and duration was longer; air-conduction pure tone averages were higher, Visual Analog Scale, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were also significantly higher than Cluster-1. A stronger correlation was observed between poor sleep quality and depression in Cluster-2. However, in Cluster-1 with younger cases, the negative correlation between tinnitus loudness and serum melatonin values was found to be higher.
CONCLUSION: The older-aged patients with lower serum melatonin levels have more severe tinnitus, worse QoL, and sleep problems compared to the younger patients. Among younger…
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