Salivary Melatonin and MMP-9 Levels in Stage III Periodontitis: A Pilot Study Using Standardized Pre-Sleep Saliva Collection
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Although periodontal diagnosis is primarily based on clinical and radiographic parameters, salivary biomarkers may provide additional biological information on inflammatory activity and host-response regulation. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in extracellular matrix degradation and periodontal tissue destruction, whereas melatonin is a circadian-related molecule with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, evidence regarding the simultaneous assessment of salivary MMP-9 and melatonin using standardized pre-sleep saliva collection remains limited. This pilot study aimed to evaluate salivary melatonin and MMP-9 concentrations in periodontal health and stage III periodontitis, to assess their interrelationship, and to explore their preliminary in-sample ability to distinguish periodontal health from stage III periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study included 18 systemically healthy non-smoking adults: 9 periodontally healthy participants and 9 patients with stage III periodontitis. Pre-sleep unstimulated saliva was collected between 23:00 and 24:00 h or immediately before sleep, following a standardized protocol. Salivary MMP-9 and melatonin concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Periodontal diagnosis was…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 9 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating the Evidence Base of Melatonin, Light Exposure, Exercise, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Patients with Insomnia Disorder
- Use of Melatonin and/on Ramelteon for the Treatment of Insomnia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Influence of evening light exposure on polysomnographically assessed night-time sleep: A systematic review with meta-analysis
- Use of melatonin in children and adolescents with idiopathic chronic insomnia: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and clinical recommendation
- Significant potential of melatonin therapy in Parkinson’s disease – a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Meta-Analysis: Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary Sleep Disorders
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.