Neuroanatomy, Nucleus Suprachiasmatic
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a bilateral structure located in the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN serves as the central pacemaker of the circadian timing system and regulates most circadian rhythms in the body. Multiple afferent neuronal tracts project to the SCN. The major afferent pathway is the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), which originates from melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Efferent projections from the SCN indirectly influence downstream structures, such as the pineal gland, through a multisynaptic autonomic pathway, increasing nocturnal melatonin secretion and helping regulate sleep timing. Disruptions of the SCN circadian system correlate with various mood and sleep disorders, as detailed in this learning activity.
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