The effects of Qigong exercise on sleep quality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbances are common among older adults. While pharmacological treatments may offer short-term relief, they are often associated with adverse effects. Non-pharmacological interventions are thus urgently needed. Qigong, a traditional Chinese practice known for its safety and adaptability, has gained attention as a potential intervention to improve sleep. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence regarding the effects of Qigong on sleep quality in older adults.
Methods: Seven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to October 8th, 2025. The primary outcome was the total score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and its subcomponents. The methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and R version 4.2.0.
Results: We included 15 RCTs involving 1,074 participants. Low certainty of evidence showed that Qigong significantly improved sleep quality compared to control groups, as measured by PSQI total score (MD = -2.47, 95% CI [-3.09, -1.85], p I 2 = 82.3%). Subgroup analyses showed that Baduanjin demonstrated significant improvement in sleep quality (MD = -2.89, 95% CI [-3.39, -2.39], p p = 0.68). Positive effects were observed in participants with sleep disturbances (MD = -3.30, 95% CI [-4.62, -1.98], p p = 0.0003),…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 1,074 participants or records.
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