The clinical and epidemiological landscape of Mycobacterium riyadhense: a systematic review of the literature
Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium riyadhense is an emerging nontuberculous mycobacterium associated with infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.
Methods: To identify the epidemiology, risk factors, presentations, and antimicrobial susceptibility of M. riyadhense, we conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar adhering to PRISMA guidelines. We included publications during 2009-2025, with no limitation on language or study design. Cases of uncertain infection or identification were excluded. Review protocol was pre-registere in PROSPERO with protocol number; CRD420250653025.
Results: We identified 22 studies reporting on 69 cases of M. riyadhense. Patient median age was 35.5 and 80% were male. Common presentations included pneumonia (n=52), lymphadenitis (n=13), osteomyelitis (n=8), or disseminated infection (n=8). Susceptibility to Rifampin and Ethambutol was observed in all tested isolates. Resistance to Isoniazid was detected in 5/8 isolates.
Conclusion: This review identified a significant variability in the diagnosis and treatment of M. riyadhense. This underscores the urgent need for standardized diagnostic protocols and targeted treatment strategies to effectively manage infections.
Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420250653025.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 52 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19 associated with proton pump inhibitors: a nationwide cohort study with propensity score matching
- Ferulic acid regulates the AKT/GSK-3β/CRMP-2 signaling pathway in a middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model
- Association between cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and respiratory tract infections in the first 6 months of age in a Korean population: a birth cohort study (COCOA)
- Novel Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters Quantify the Exposure–Effect Relationship of Levofloxacin against Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli
- Neuroprotective Effects of Epicatechin against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Photochemical behavior of levofloxacin
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.