Unveiling the therapeutic mechanism of Epimedium Herba on prostate cancer through network pharmacology and experimental validation
Abstract
Epimedium Herba (EH) demonstrates significant therapeutic potential against prostate cancer (PC), though its mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the pharmacological mechanisms of EH in treating PC through network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. Active components and potential targets of EH were identified using network pharmacology from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The STRING database facilitated the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for shared targets and the identification of core anti-PC targets. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of core target genes in normal prostate and PC tissues, along with their correlation to overall PC survival, were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the potential targets. Molecular docking of quercetin with key targets (TP53, TNF, heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1), AKT1, CASP3, and ESR1) was conducted, with results visualized using PyMOL. In vitro experiments validated the network pharmacology predictions. Twenty-three active ingredients of EH were identified, and the intersection of potential targets with PC targets yielded…
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