Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Complex: Genomic Characterization, Antimicrobial Resistance and First Report of S. muris from Oman
Abstract
Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen. It is resistant to most available antibiotics due to its intrinsic resistance, leaving only some antibacterial agents as possible therapeutic options, which is further complicated by acquired mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive genomic characterization of clinical S. maltophilia complex (Smc) isolates, focusing on molecular characterization of its resistance and virulence, since studies tackling this are scarce in Oman. Methods: This study is a prospective cross-sectional study, in which a total of 21 clinical isolates of Smc were collected from different clinical samples and further characterized using Whole Genome Sequencing. Results: Besides S. maltophilia, the isolates included S. hibiscicola, S. pavanii, and S. muris for the first time in Oman. All isolates were found to be susceptible to cefiderocol, levofloxacin, and minocycline. Sequence types (STs) were diverse among the isolates, with more than half of the isolates showing new STs with novel alleles. Additionally, blaOXA-2, sul1, and the recently described aac(6′)-Iap and aph(9)-Ic were detected among the isolates. Moreover, virulence-associated genes (smf-1, pilT, pilQ, gpmA, rmlA, spgM, stmPr1, plcN, clpP, and katE) were highly conserved across all isolates. Mobile genetic elements were detected in most of the isolates (76.20%). Conclusions: The collected…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
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