Phytochemical Landscape of Solenostemma arghel (Delile) Hayne: A Review on Phenolic Profiling, Extraction Optimization, and Structure-Activity Relationships
Abstract
Abstract Solenostemma arghel is a desert medicinal plant traditionally used for metabolic and inflammatory disorders, yet comprehensive chemical and structure–activity relationship (SAR) evaluations remain limited. This review systematically analyzes 54 studies on its phytochemical composition and antioxidant bioactivity, emphasizing phenolic constituents. Findings identify hydroethanolic systems as optimal for phenolic recovery. Key bioactive compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, and chlorogenic acid, demonstrate potent radical scavenging and oxidative stress modulation. SAR analysis suggests that hydroxylation patterns and glycosylation significantly dictate antioxidant potency. Comparative chemotaxonomic observations show that S. arghel maintains conserved biosynthetic features with related taxa while exhibiting distinct metabolite profiles. This review establishes the pharmacological relevance of S . arghel as a robust source of antioxidant phytochemicals. It further identifies critical research gaps, highlighting the necessity for advanced metabolomic profiling, standardized protocols, and integrated biological validation to facilitate translational medicinal applications.
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