Artificial Intelligence-Driven Insights into the Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Onion (Allium cepa) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Prostate Cancer Prevention and Management: A Contemporary Review
Abstract
Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases and 375,000 deaths per year. The main limitations of current therapy involve the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), multidrug resistance and dose-limiting toxicities. The oxidative stress-inflammatory axis is a critical pathway in prostate carcinogenesis in which DNA damage by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), activation of NF-κB and dysregulation of Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling play roles in initiating, advancing, and metastasizing prostate cancer. Although dietary phytochemicals have been identified as chemopreventive agents, translation of bioactive compounds from bench to bedside is inhibited by the limited systematic characterization of molecular targets, suboptimal bioavailability and absence of predictive frameworks for compound prioritization. This modern review aims to fill these gaps by summarising the latest evidence of the antioxidant and anticancer effects of phytoconstituents from Allium cepa and Solanum lycopersicum and to focus on new computational approaches based on artificial intelligence (AI) that are used to systematically prioritize and mechanistically deconvolute bioactive compounds by means of molecular docking, network pharmacology, machine learning target prediction, and deep learning metabolite profiling. The review focuses on the three interrelated…
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