Study on the isolation、purification and bioactivities of triterpenoids from the endangered ethnic medicine Euchresta tubulosa Dunn
Abstract
Abstract Euchresta tubulosa Dunn is an endangered ethnic medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. This study systematically investigated the isolation and purification of triterpenoids from this plant and evaluated their in vitro bioactivities. Four monomeric compounds, namely trifolirhizin, oleanolic acid, lupeol and quercetin, were isolated using column chromatography, recrystallization, and thin-layer chromatography. Among these, trifolirhizin, oleanolic acid, and lupeol are isolated from this species for the first time. The antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of the four monomers were assessed through DPPH• and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging assays, as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. Furthermore, the antibacterial potential of two pentacyclic triterpenoids (oleanolic acid and lupeol) was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli . The underlying mechanisms were analyzed by determining bacterial growth curves, time-kill curves, nucleotide leakage rates, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The results showed that all four monomers possessed moderate antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Among them, quercetin exhibited the strongest antioxidant effect (IC₅₀ = 8 µg/mL), while lupeol demonstrated superior inhibitory capacity in the hypoglycemic activity test (IC₅₀ = 5 µg/mL). The two pentacyclic triterpenoids acted primarily by disrupting bacterial cell wall and cell membrane…
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