Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antibacterial properties of Balanites Aegyptiaca Leaves (Desert Date) from Bor Town, Jonglei State, South Sudan
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Balanites aegyptiaca is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in Africa and southern Asia, for the treatment of infectious diseases and oxidative stress-related conditions, including diarrhea, dysentery, anthrax, wounds, and malignant infections. This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity and Antibacterial activity of the aqua-ethanol extract of Balanites aegyptiaca leaves using qualitative screening and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard procedures. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the major bioactive constituents. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, and carbohydrates, while steroids and proteins were absent. Phenolic compounds were the predominant constituents (42.50 ± 0.01 mg/g extract), followed by flavonoids (35.80 ± 0.02 mg/g), saponins (31.20 ± 0.03 mg/g), and…
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