Valorisation of invasive North Sea macroalgae as functional feed additives to improve disease resilience in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Abstract
Abstract Ulva australisSargassum muticumSeaweed phytochemicalsAquaculture nutritionLitopenaeus vannameiAHPNDGut microbiomeGrowth performanceInvasive macroalgae such as Ulva australis and Sargassum muticum are increasingly abundant along European coastlines and represent a potentially valuable source of bioactive compounds for sustainable aquaculture. This study evaluated the potential of invasive North Sea macroalgae as functional feed additives to enhance disease resilience in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Extracts from two U. australis populations (The Netherlands and France) and one S. muticum population were prepared using 70% ethanol and characterized through proximate composition analysis, total phenolic content (TPC), and HPLC. Antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Shrimp post-larvae (PL10; 42 ± 0.6 mg) were fed diets containing 1% or 3% seaweed extract for 28 days, after which growth performance, survival, resistance to V. parahaemolyticus, and gut microbiome composition were evaluated.Gallic acid and quercetin were detected in all seaweed extracts. Total phenolic content was highest in U. australis from the Netherlands (269 ± 7.86 µg GAE g⁻¹), followed by S. muticum (89 ± 8.65 µg GAE g⁻¹) and U. australis from France (69 ± 6.50 µg GAE g⁻¹). Antibacterial activity was likewise observed for all seaweed extracts, with MIC values of 12.5…
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