Genetic Characterization and Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Bacterial Population Isolated from Conjunctival Samples
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common ocular infection requiring prompt treatment, particularly in vulnerable patients, and may influence perioperative outcomes. This study aimed to characterize conjunctival bacterial isolates phenotypically and genotypically, to evaluate their biofilm-forming capacity, and to investigate the relationship between resistance gene carriage, resistance phenotypes, and biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Methods: A prospective, single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted on bacterial isolates from conjunctival samples of patients examined in an ophthalmology department. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Resistance genes were detected by quantitative PCR. Biofilm-forming capacity was assessed using the microtiter plate assay, and biofilm susceptibility to amikacin (AK) and levofloxacin (LEV) was evaluated using a biofilm susceptibility assay. Results: A total of 78 isolates were analyzed; Gram-positive cocci prevailed (GPC, 84.6%), being significantly more frequent than Gram-negative bacilli (GNB, p < 0.001). Among GPC, 65.2% were multidrug-resistant, with Staphylococcus epidermidis emerging as the most frequent species (p < 0.001). Resistance gene carriage was detected in 33.3% of GNB. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 22.7% of GPC versus 58.3% of GNB. It should be noted that the relatively small number of GNB may…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
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