Effect of age and sex on the urinary elimination of a single dose of mixed flavonoids: results from a single-arm intervention in healthy United Kingdom adults
Abstract
Background: Nutrition intervention trials demonstrate that increased flavonoid intake can have clinically meaningful impacts on disease outcomes/biomarkers; however, high variability in absorption and metabolism and large heterogeneity in biochemical and physiological responses are observed. The etiology of this variability is poorly understood.
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between sex, age, and microbiota speciation on mixed flavonoid elimination over 24 h.
Methods: Healthy males and females (n = 163) prospectively recruited on the basis of age (18-30 y or 65-77 y) and sex consumed a standardized flavonoid-rich test meal providing 640-mg cocoa/chocolate flavan-3-ols, 340-mg citrus flavanones, and 390-mg blackberry anthocyanins. Urinary samples collected at baseline (-24 to 0 h), 0 to 3.5 h, >3.5 h to 7 h, and >7 to 24 h were analyzed for flavonoids and their metabolites by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Stool microbiome speciation was determined via Illumina sequencing. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess differences in cumulative excretion across age and sex with time-by-group interaction taken as the principal analysis of effect.
Results: There were no group (older females, older males, younger females, and younger males) differences in total 24 h urinary metabolite recovery, but there was a trend toward a higher rate of cumulative recovery in older males versus younger…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a clinical trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 163 participants or records.
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