Recent Updates on Novel Carrier Systems for the Delivery of Herbal Bioactives with Poor Bioavailability and their Clinical Trial Status
Abstract
Herbal medicine and its active phytochemicals have been used since ancient times to
cure, mitigate, and treat various health issues, such as inflammation, wounds, fever, cough, cold,
diabetes, viral diseases, cancers, etc. Different databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar,
Pubmed, Pubchem, and ScienceDirect, were searched exhaustively to find potent herbal leads and
their novel carrier systems. Literature was collected from these databases for the last twenty years.
Various research articles, review articles, books, and patents were referred for screening of the herbal
bioactives. In the recent past, herbal medicine-derived bioactives like curcumin, paclitaxel, catechin,
betulinic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, resveratrol, glycyrrhizin, silybin,
berberine and many more have been reported for several pharmacological activities, including anticancer,
antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial,
etc. However, they have limitations like low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability, which restrict
their therapeutic efficacy and clinical use. In this context, Novel Carrier Systems (NCSs) are
promising to overcome the problems of herbal bioactives. NCSs, such as liposomes, nanoparticles,
nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, dendrimers, nanoemulsions,
phytosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, etc., have been utilized to encapsulate the bioactives
and drugs to enhance their…
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