Pampa biome plant extracts and flavonoids show antiviral activity against Bovine Herpesvirus and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Abstract
The antiviral, virucidal, and antioxidant activities of extracts from three plants of the Brazilian Pampa biome (Mimosa bimucronata, Luehea divaricata, and Schinus terebinthifolia), as well as the antiviral and virucidal effects of their major flavonoids, were investigated against Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). Hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts displayed pronounced virucidal activity, with five of six extracts inhibiting viral infectivity in vitro. LC-MS analysis identified 17 phenolic compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, and tiliroside, which exhibited distinct antiviral profiles. Quercetin exhibited virucidal and antiviral activity against BVDV and markedly reduced the BoHV-1 titer. Kaempferol demonstrated significant antiviral effects against both viruses, whereas tiliroside exhibited virucidal activity against BVDV. Gene expression analysis indicated that these flavonoids altered the transcriptional levels of interferon-related genes, including IFNα, IFNβ, and ISG15, in infected and non-infected MDBK cells. Molecular docking simulations revealed favorable binding affinities (≤ - 7 kcal/mol) between the flavonoids and viral proteins, suggesting potential molecular targets. In addition, all extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, reducing lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals. Collectively, these findings highlight plants from the Brazilian Pampa biome as promising sources of antiviral and antioxidant…
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