Observational real-world analysis of dose-dependent effects of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) on focus and energy
Abstract
Background: Mitragyna speciosa is a deciduous evergreen tree native to Southeast Asia. The term "kratom" is commonly used to refer to both the tree and its leaves, which have a long history of use as a restorative to provide energy, focus and relief of minor aches and pains associated with physical exertion. Consumption of kratom leaves, either chewed or prepared as a tea or decoction, continues in Southeast Asia to this day. Similar to Southeast Asia, U.S. consumers report taking kratom to alleviate pain, increase energy, and improve negative mood states. We have evaluated the real-world effectiveness of a full-spectrum proprietary kratom extract at doses aligned with traditional ethnopharmacological use, specifically for effects that match the traditional profile of stimulating and focusing effects.
Methods: This study represents a secondary analysis of data collected during a real-world, longitudinal observational study of adult U.S. participants using a kratom product composed of proprietary full spectrum leaf extract, designed to mimic a traditional kratom tea. Phytochemical equivalence to traditional preparations was established by comparing the alkaloid profile and presence of plant phenylpropanoids. Participants completed daily structured surveys over a 21-day period. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate within-subject changes across baseline, week 1, and week 2 periods.
Results: Chemical analyses confirmed that the presence and relative ratios of…
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