Phytochemical analysis and effectiveness of stingless bees propolis (geniotrigona thoracica) on matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in periodontal therapy
Abstract
Objective: Propolis is a beehive-derived natural substance containing plant secondary metabolites and can potentially be used for periodontal therapy. This study aims to analyze the phytochemicals of Indonesian stingless bee propolis and its efficacy of propolis extract gel as an adjunctive periodontal therapy.
Methods: The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis measured the total phenolic and flavonoid content. The gallic acid equivalent was used to measure phenolics, and the Quercetin equivalent was used to measure the flavonoids of the extract. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to analyze the antimicrobial activity. The study used periodontitis-induced Wistar rats and were treated by applying propolis gel with concentrations of 50%, 60%, and 70%. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) level was measured with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the propolis extract detected the presence of phenol, flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, saponins, glycosides, and tannins. The Kirby-Bauer method showed that propolis gel with a concentration of 50%, 60%, and 70% had a significant difference in inhibition between treatment groups against Porphyromonas gingivalis (p<0.05). The 70% propolis gel appeared effective in inducing the expression of MMP-8 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Propolis extract gel with 70% concentration could potentially be used as a supportive treatment for periodontal therapy.
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