Association of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods with all-cause mortality: The Blue Mountains Eye Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Higher intakes of flavonoids provide health benefits, however, the importance of each flavonoid class and which population groups may receive the greatest protection from higher flavonoid intake warrants further investigation.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations of flavonoid and flavonoid-rich wholefood intakes with all-cause mortality and the moderating effects of early mortality risk factors.
DESIGN: The study included 2349 participants of The Blue Mountains Eye Study, with a mean ± SD age at baseline of 64.7 ± 9.2 years. Flavonoid intake was calculated from baseline food frequency questionnaires using US Department of Agriculture food composition databases. Associations were examined using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.
RESULTS: After 14 years of follow-up, 677 participants died. There was a flavonoid threshold effect with the greatest risk reduction seen between low and moderate intakes of total flavonoids, flavonoid classes and flavonoid-rich foods. Amongst the whole cohort, participants in the highest tertile of anthocyanidin intake had a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality [multivariable adjusted HR (95%CI): 0.76 (0.61, 0.94)] when compared to those in the lowest tertile. Amongst participants with at least one early mortality risk factor (smoking, high alcohol consumption, no regular exercise or obesity), risk of all-cause mortality was lower in those in the highest intake tertile for total flavonoids [adjusted HR: 0.77 (0.59,…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 2,349 participants or records.
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