Therapeutic Effects of Propolis Supplementation on the Inflammatory State, Oxidative Stress, and Uremic Toxins in dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a global health issue, particularly affecting the elderly. The end stage of CRF requires dialysis that it often results in complications such as inflammation, oxidative stress, infections, and various kidney issues. Propolis, a natural bee product rich in antioxidants, may help mitigate these risks for dialysis patients. To search for related articles, we utilized the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SID databases without any time limitation, up to May 2025. We included all clinical trials, with or without randomization, and congress abstracts that studied the efficacy of Propolis supplementation in patients receiving dialysis. The quality and risk of bias of the included articles were evaluated in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Six trials (n = 225 patients/48.4 ± 13.0 years) were included, with Propolis dosages of 200-400 mg/day for 2-6 months. Across studies, inflammatory markers decreased by approximately 8%-42%, including significant reductions in TNF-α (-22.6%, p p = 0.009), IL-17 (-20.0%, p = 0.039), and IFN-γ (-8.3%, p = 0.005) after 8 weeks of Brazilian green Propolis supplementation. Additional trials reported significant reductions in TNF-α levels (p = 0.009 and p = 0.020), while CRP and IL-6 generally remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Oxidative stress improved, with oxLDL levels decreasing by approximately 12.9%…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 225 participants or records.
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