Root coverage with apical tunnel approach using propolis as a root conditioning agent: A case report with 2-year follow-up and review of the literature
Abstract
Objectives: One of the main challenges in performing root coverage is patient discomfort and donor site morbidity. This case report presents a minimally invasive apical tunnel surgical technique, with propolis for root conditioning, to correct gingival recession defects without harvesting donor grafts, flap elevation, or sutures. Propolis is a natural anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent.
Material and methods: A 58-year-old woman with no significant medical history was presented for root coverage of her upper left canine and first premolar with recession type (RT)1A (+). Propolis was used as a root conditioning agent to promote soft tissue coverage via an apical tunnel approach. During the apical tunnel approach, a small apical hole was made 6 mm below the mucogingival junction, and the mucosa and associated attached gingiva was away from the tooth so the flap could be repositioned coronally. Collagen matrix was used as a soft tissue graft material.
Results: At the 2-month, 6-month, 8-month, and 2-year follow-up, complete root coverage was achieved for both teeth. No bleeding on probing was noticed nor recurrent GRs at the treated sites.
Conclusion: Without incisions, donor site reflection, or flaps, the apical tunnel approach can be successfully used to cover the exposed roots. Additionally, propolis is a potential root conditioning agent during soft tissue graft procedure due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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