Antiglycation and Amyloid-β Inhibitory Activities of Pandanus odorifer Extracts and Isolated Constituents: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Insights
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and oxidative stress. This study investigated the antiglycation, antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, and predicted drug-likeness properties of Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze. The methanolic crude extract showed high total flavonoid content (121.7 ± 2.50 mg QE/g), moderate total phenolic content (16.61 ± 1.50 mg GAE/g), and strong AGE inhibition (IC50 = 57.30 µg/mL), with moderate radical scavenging activity. Chromatographic separation yielded syringaresinol (1), dehydrovomifoliol (2), and blumenol C glucoside (3), identified through spectroscopic analysis and comparison with published data. In the Thioflavin T assay, compounds 1-3 reduced Aβ-associated fluorescence, with compound 3 producing the largest reduction (71.20% ± 4.42%) under the tested conditions. Molecular docking suggested interactions with Aβ42 oligomers and AD-related enzymes, particularly acetylcholinesterase and β-secretase, while in silico prediction indicated acceptable drug-likeness without Lipinski violations. Overall, the findings identify P. odorifer as a source of constituents with antiglycation activity and preliminary Aβ-associated ThT responses that warrant confirmation using orthogonal biophysical and biological assays.
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