Regional variability in phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of macerate and decoction extracts from three medicinal plants of Burkina Faso
Abstract
Introduction: Regional variability in secondary metabolite biosynthesis represents a critical dimension of plant chemodiversity. This study examined Acanthospermum hispidum, Vitex simplicifolia, and Vetiveria nigritana collected from three ecological zones of Burkina Faso (Centre-North, Centre, Cascades), focusing on phytochemical composition and bio activities.
Methods: Qualitative profiling of phenolic acids and flavonoids was performed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The solvent system consisted of ethyl acetate/formic acid/glacial acetic acid/water (100/11/11/26). The total phenolic content of plant extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The biological potential of the extracts was evaluated using three biological assays: antioxidant activities (ABTS and FRAP), antiplasmodial activity, and antibacterial activity.
Results: Quantitative assays revealed pronounced differences in metabolite accumulation: V. simplicifolia leaves from the Centre region contained the highest polyphenol levels (450.21 ± 5.18 µg GAE/100 mg), while leaves from Cascades exhibited peak flavonoid content (269.43 ± 6.89 µg QE/100 mg). Antioxidant capacity varied accordingly, with A. hispidum leafy stems from Cascades showing strong ABTS activity (5.76 ± 0.32 µmol AAE/g) and V. simplicifolia bark from Centre-North displaying maximal FRAP reducing power (0.29 ± 0.004 µmol…
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