Quercetin attenuates the symptoms of osteoarthritis in vitro and in vivo by suppressing ferroptosis via activation of AMPK/Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder involving the cartilage and other joint tissues. Quercetin (QCT) serves a protective role in the development of OA. However, to the best of our knowledge, the regulatory mechanisms of QCT in the progression of OA have not yet been fully elucidated. In order to mimic a model of OA in vitro, IL-1β was used to stimulate chondrocytes. Furthermore, an in vivo animal model of OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assays, TUNEL assays, ELISAs, western blotting and immunohistochemical assays were conducted to assess the chondroprotective properties of QCT in the development of OA. The results revealed that 100 µM QCT significantly promoted the proliferation, reduced the apoptosis and inflammation, and inhibited the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Additionally, QCT attenuated the IL-1β-induced ferroptosis of chondrocytes, as demonstrated by the reduced lipid reactive oxygen species and Fe2+ levels. Conversely, the inhibitory effects of QCT on the apoptosis and inflammatory responses were reversed by the activation of ferroptosis by erastin in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Furthermore, QCT significantly elevated the level of phosphorylated (p-)5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the levels of two negative regulators of ferroptosis [nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4)] in IL-1β-stimulated…
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