Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bacteria urinary tract infections in adult HIV-positive outpatients at Embu County Referral Hospital, Kenya
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to public health, with the Global Action Plan advocating, among others, for strengthening AMR knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research and optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health. However, due to inadequate healthcare infrastructure in many resource-constrained countries, epidemiological data to inform infection prevention interventions and guide antimicrobial policy guidelines in people living with HIV is limited. Here, we assessed the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and associated factors of bacterial urinary tract infections among adult HIV-positive outpatients in our study setting.
METHODS: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study among adult HIV-positive outpatients at Embu County Referral Hospital, Kenya, from January to February 2023. We consecutively recruited 142 patients presenting with or without UTI symptoms and excluded those aged below 18. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, and midstream-clean-catch urine samples were processed by standard microbiological methods.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of UTI was 9.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.96-14.76% (14/142), with 6.3% symptomatic [95% CI: 2.33-10.35% (9/142)], 3.5% asymptomatic [95% CI: 0.49-6.55% (5/142)], and 4.2% recurrent [95% CI: 0.92-7.53% (6/142)] UTIs. Klebsiella pneumoniae was predominant overall (57.1%, 8/14), and in…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 142 participants or records.
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