Risk factors for NON-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia in surgical patients: a case-control study.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) remains a common healthcare-associated infection worldwide. Understanding risk factors for non-ventilated HAP (NVHAP) in postoperative patients is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
METHODS
A retrospective case-control study was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023 in a surgical ward of a university hospital. Cases included patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with NVHAP. Controls were selected based on the closest hospitalization date, matched by sex, age, and surgery type (2 controls per case). Data on patient demographics, surgical procedures, and clinical factors were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
Out of 1,739 hospitalized patients, 10 developed NVHAP, resulting in a sample of 30 individuals (mean age 63.27 years). Exploratory laparotomy was the most common surgery. Multivariate analysis identified vomiting as the only independent risk factor (p < 0.001), significantly associated with HAP occurrence.
DISCUSSION
Vomiting was significantly linked to NVHAP, suggesting that management of nausea and vomiting could reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary aspiration and subsequent pneumonia in postoperative patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Implementing protocols for early detection and control of nausea and vomiting in surgical patients may decrease NVHAP incidence, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies targeting aspiration risk.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 1,739 participants or records.
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