Dupilumab and lymphoma risk among patients with asthma: a population-based cohort study
Abstract
Graphical abstract Summary of the study findings. IL4-R: interleukin-4 receptor; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; LABA: long-acting β-agonists; NK: natural killer. Created with BioRender.com. Background Dupilumab is approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and other allergic diseases. Recent studies suggest that patients with atopic dermatitis receiving dupilumab are at a higher risk of developing cutaneous lymphoma. This study aimed to investigate the risk of lymphoma among patients with asthma receiving dupilumab. Methods This population-based cohort study included patients in the United States with asthma who initiated dupilumab or the active comparator (combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus long-acting β-agonists (LABA), or ICS/LABA), between 2018 and 2024. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics between groups. The primary outcome was new-onset lymphoma, and secondary outcomes included other malignancies and all-cause mortality. Results A total of 14 936 dupilumab-treated and 734 126 ICS/LABA-treated patients with asthma were included. After propensity score matching, dupilumab-treated patients were found to have a higher risk of lymphoma (54 versus 43 cases, hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% CI 1.19–2.71), especially T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas (19 versus ≤10 cases, HR 4.58, 95% CI 1.82–11.53). There was no significant difference in incidence of other malignant neoplasms. Dupilumab was also…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
- A new aging measure captures morbidity and mortality risk across diverse subpopulations from NHANES IV: A cohort study
- Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study
- Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of dementia? A cohort study in London, England
- Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children — a nationwide cohort study
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.