Social and Environmental Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Indonesia: National Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Abstract Background The cause-effect of stunting is known as a complex factor, including family, environmental, social, and cultural factors, in stunting among children. Yet, the latest updated associated factors emphasizing on social and environmental factors are still limited. Objective This study aimed to analyze the latest evidence on the factors associated with stunting, with a particular focus on various factors. Methods A secondary data analysis using the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia [SKI] 2023) was conducted. This study analyzed a total of 78,049 (or 81,068 if weighted) children aged 5 years and younger who had a complete response to all interest variables. Bivariate analysis using the Pearson χ2 test with a P value of <.05 for determining a significant association and a multivariate analysis for further analysis of the association between the outcome and each predictor were implemented. Results The prevalence of stunting in this study was 15,958/78,049 children (19.69%). In the adjusted analysis, immunization status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.34, 95% CI 1.22‐1.48; P<.001) and KPS (Kartu Perlindungan Sosial; Social Protection Card) ownership (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05‐1.21; P<.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of stunting. Conversely, children in the wealthiest quintile were significantly less likely to experience stunting compared to those from the poorest families (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.42‐0.52; P<.001). Other variables,…
Read the paper
Related studies
- Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
- A new aging measure captures morbidity and mortality risk across diverse subpopulations from NHANES IV: A cohort study
- Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study
- Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of dementia? A cohort study in London, England
- Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children — a nationwide cohort study
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.