Optical Imaging Provides Rapid Verification of Static Small Beams, Radiosurgery and VMAT Plans with millimeter resolution
Abstract
Purpose: We demonstrate the feasibility of optical imaging as a quality assurance tool for static small beamlets, and pre-treatment verification tool for radiosurgery and VMAT plans. Methods: Small static beams and clinical Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were simulated in a treatment planning system (TPS) and delivered to a cylindrical tank filled with water-based liquid scintillator. Emission was imaged using a blue-sensitive, intensified CMOS camera time-gated to the linac pulses. For static beams, percentage depth and cross beam profiles of projected intensity distribution were compared to treatment planning system (TPS) data. 2D gamma analysis was performed on all clinical plans, and the technique was tested for sensitivity against common errors (multileaf collimator position, gantry angle) by inducing deliberate errors in the VMAT plans control points. The technique’s detection limits for spatial resolution and the smallest number of control points that could be imaged reliably was also tested. The sensitivity to common delivery errors was also compared against a commercial 2.5D diode array dosimeter. Results: A spatial resolution of 1 mm was achieved with our imaging setup. The optical projected percentage depth intensity profiles agreed to within 2% relative to the TPS data for small static square beams (5, 10 and 50mm2). For projected cross beam profiles, a gamma pass rate >99% was achieved for a 3%/1mm criteria. All clinical plans passed the 3%/3mm…
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