Arterial Plaque Characterization Using IVUS Radio-Frequency Time Echoes
Abstract
The reported yearly worldwide death tolls and especially in the US about cardio-vascular disease is the leading factor that motivated scientists to invest time and money in order to find innovative ways that enable accurate and early detection of such diseases (American Heart Association [AHA], 2006; AHA, 2008). Since CVD occurs within the human body, imaging modalities were invented to present a picture of the artery as close as possible to its real status. These imaging methods accompanied with continuous developments have helped tremendously in the improvement of proactive health care and early interventions before aggravations. Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) is one of the cost effective modalities that have been extensively used for diagnostics purposes (Gaster et al., 2003; Mueller et al., 2003). Although IVUS has the advantage of differentiating between all the artery crosssection components in terms of geometry (Nissen & Yock, 2001), the composition and mechanical properties of each component is still a subject of discussion and research. In fact, an objective classification of plaques based on both mechanical and acoustic properties is not reached yet. For instance, echogenicity of luminal tissue in most cases is the same for a plaque composed of high lipid depositions (Stary, 1992; Stary et al., 1994; Stary et al., 1995). Thus ultrasound wave propagation and transmission should be studied fundamentally in the human tissues and specifically through the artery…
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