Intermittent Versus Daily Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Regimens for Pneumocystis Pneumonia Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Abstract
Abstract Background In immunocompromised individuals, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis has adverse events, and the optimal dosage is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of intermittent versus daily TMP/SMX for PCP prophylaxis. Methods This systematic review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indexed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Ichushi, or Embase databases, published from database inception to September 2023. The inclusion criteria were adults taking intermittent or daily TMP/SMX for PCP prophylaxis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The primary outcomes were PCP incidence, PCP-related mortality, and adverse events requiring temporary or permanent TMP/SMX discontinuation. Results Four RCTs (N = 2808 patients) were included. PCP incidence did not differ significantly between the intermittent and daily regimen groups (risk ratio [RR], 1.17 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .89–1.53]; certainty: very low). There was no PCP-related mortality in the 3 RCTs reporting its outcome. Compared with the daily regimen group, the intermittent regimen group experienced significantly fewer adverse events requiring temporary or permanent TMP/SMX discontinuation (RR, 0.51 [95% CI, .42–.61]; certainty: low) Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that intermittent TMP/SMX regimens for PCP prophylaxis may be more…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 2,808 participants or records.
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