Proprietary Cationic lipo-Oligopeptides Inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infection
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to combat Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) infection has surged amidst the rise of HSV-1 drug-resistant strains. In contrast to most first-line drugs that target DNA replication, AMPs offer an unconventional approach to combat HSV-1 infection by exerting their activity on multiple phases of the viral life cycle, while exhibiting low rates of resistance emergence. In this study, an integrated in silico and in vitro experimental approach was used to evaluate six proprietary Cationic lipo-oligo peptides (CLOPs) (P226, P359, P577, P581, OB1105, and OB1111) to identify candidates with potential antiviral activity against HSV-1. We hypothesized that CLOPs would be non-cytotoxic, exhibit high affinity for HSV-1 glycoproteins, and effectively inhibit HSV-1 growth in eukaryotic cells. Computational tools were employed to predict various pharmacokinetic parameters of CLOPs and to assess their molecular docking and binding affinities for HSV-1 glycoproteins. Next, in vitro cytotoxicity and viral plaque reduction assays were performed in eukaryotic cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CLOPs and their antiviral activity against HSV-1. Our findings showed that CLOPs conform to Pfizer’s rule and are predicted to exhibit antiviral activity against HSV-1, with OB1111 showing the most robust antiviral activity. All CLOPs were predicted to bind to major HSV-1 glycoproteins, with energies ranging from -7.5 to -3.2 Kcal/mol, suggesting potential…
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