Ki-67 as an Intermediate Endpoint in Cancer Interception: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Abstract
Background: : /Objectives: Cancer interception trials require intermediate endpoints capable of detecting biologic activity before cancer incidence, progression, or survival outcomes become measurable. Ki-67, a nuclear marker of cellular proliferation, is widely used as a prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker across multiple malignancies. This review evaluates the evidence supporting Ki-67 modulation as an intermediate endpoint in cancer interception and prevention research.
Methods:: Published clinical studies reporting pre- and post-intervention Ki-67 changes were reviewed, with emphasis on interception, prevention, and presurgical window-of-opportunity trials involving dietary, phytochemical, and endocrine interventions.
Results:: Evidence from prostate, lung, and breast cancer settings demonstrates that Ki-67 is responsive to biologic intervention. In CAPFISH-3, a high omega-3/low omega-6 dietary intervention plus fish oil reduced Ki-67 by 15% in men undergoing active surveillance for prostate cancer, whereas Ki-67 increased by 24% in controls. In a randomized phase II lung premalignancy trial, a sulforaphane-producing intervention reduced bronchial Ki-67 by 20%, compared with a 65% increase with placebo. Presurgical breast cancer studies, including flaxseed supplementation and endocrine therapy trials, further demonstrated significant reductions in Ki-67 over short intervention periods. However, changes in Ki-67 were not consistently accompanied by short-term…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design.
Read the paper
Related studies
- eggNOG 5.0: a hierarchical, functionally and phylogenetically annotated orthology resource based on 5090 organisms and 2502 viruses
- Online Survival Analysis Software to Assess the Prognostic Value of Biomarkers Using Transcriptomic Data in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
- OptiType: precision HLA typing from next-generation sequencing data
- Nicotinic Cholinergic System and COVID-19: In Silico Identification of an Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Nicotinic Receptors with Potential Therapeutic Targeting Implications
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells have three Omega class glutathione S-transferases acting as 1-Cys thiol transferases
- Hemolysis at low blood flow rates: in-vitro and in-silico evaluation of a centrifugal blood pump
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.