Endocrine–Immune Crosstalk in Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases: The Role of Micronutrients, with Emphasis on Vitamin D
Abstract
Pediatric autoimmune disorders are increasingly common, but outcomes are poor due to delayed diagnosis. Immune system dysfunctions typically cause these in the presence of essential micronutrient deficiencies, especially vitamin D. Besides, vitamin D deficiency contributes to both immune and endocrine imbalances that may trigger or exacerbate autoimmunity in children. This review highlights the role of micronutrients, cofactors, and mechanisms, especially vitamin D, in regulating immune responses, maintaining hormonal equilibrium, and disease progression. It explores the complex interactions between vitamin D, zinc, selenium, probiotics, and omega-3 fatty acids and the immune and endocrine systems in pediatric autoimmune pathophysiology. The article underscores the importance of early diagnosis, effective interventions, and targeted micro-nutritional strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of these disorders. Proactive supplementation—especially with vitamin D3 and complementary micronutrients—can strengthen immune function, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and mitigate the development of childhood autoimmune diseases. Understanding the interconnected roles of different micronutrients, gut microbiota, and immune dysregulation is essential to preventing and effectively managing these conditions. The review encourages pediatricians and other healthcare professionals to adopt integrative approaches, including holistic, orthomolecular, and personalized…
Read the paper
Related studies
- eggNOG 5.0: a hierarchical, functionally and phylogenetically annotated orthology resource based on 5090 organisms and 2502 viruses
- Online Survival Analysis Software to Assess the Prognostic Value of Biomarkers Using Transcriptomic Data in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
- OptiType: precision HLA typing from next-generation sequencing data
- Nicotinic Cholinergic System and COVID-19: In Silico Identification of an Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Nicotinic Receptors with Potential Therapeutic Targeting Implications
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells have three Omega class glutathione S-transferases acting as 1-Cys thiol transferases
- Hemolysis at low blood flow rates: in-vitro and in-silico evaluation of a centrifugal blood pump
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.