Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biomarkers and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Considerable attention has focused on the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, which has led to dietary recommendations to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake. A meta-analysis was conducted to summarize evidence from prospective studies regarding associations between omega-3 PUFA biomarkers and risk of developing major chronic diseases.
METHODS
Four electronic databases were searched for articles from inception to March 1, 2022. Random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of omega-3 PUFAs, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, cancer, and mortality. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment tool was used to rates the confidence in estimates.
RESULTS
A total of 67 prospective studies comprised of 310,955 participants were identified. Individual omega-3 PUFAs showed divergent associations with the study outcomes of interest. A significant inverse association with T2D risk was observed across categories of ALA (relative risk [RR]: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-0.96), EPA (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-0.99) and DPA (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.96) biomarkers. The…
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