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Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes

Brendan Burns, Brian Grant, David Oppenheimer, Eric A. Brewer, John Wilkes

Queue, 2016

439 citations

Abstract

Though widespread interest in software containers is a relatively recent phenomenon, at Google we have been managing Linux containers at scale for more than ten years and built three different container-management systems in that time. Each system was heavily influenced by its predecessors, even though they were developed for different reasons. This article describes the lessons we’ve learned from developing and operating them.

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