Supplemental or dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of periodontitis: A meta-analysis
Abstract
AIM
This study evaluated the intervention effect of omega-3 fatty acids on changes in periodontal parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This meta-analysis included English-language studies published between 2010 and 2020, which were extracted from the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The effects of omega-3 fatty acid intervention were investigated using the amount of omega-3 intake, periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). The random-effects model was generated for data analysis. To obtain robustness of the model, sensitivity analysis was implemented. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the intervention period for each parameter.
RESULTS
All 13 studies included in the meta-analysis were interventional randomized controlled trials. Two studies implemented omega-3 fatty acid-rich diets, while eleven studies used supplements. Risk of bias was low and publication bias was not shown. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant PPD reduction (standardized mean difference; SMD = -0.81 mm, absolute mean difference; MD = -0.44 mm), CAL gain (SMD = -0.77 mm, MD = -0.51 mm), and BOP reduction (SMD = -0.65%, MD = -9.45%) for the omega-3 fatty acids intervention overall.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that supplemental or dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of periodontitis may positively impact on periodontitis.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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