Effects of nutritional supplementation on social impairment and behavioral dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder: a network meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by core deficits in social interaction, often accompanied by behavioral challenges such as irritability and hyperactivity. In recent years, various nutritional supplements have been employed to alleviate ASD-related symptoms, yet the relative efficacy of different interventions remains unclear. This study employs network meta-analysis to compare the effects of distinct nutritional supplementation strategies on impaired social functioning and behavioral disorders in ASD.
Methods: Systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from indexing to December 20, 2025. Studies evaluating the effects of nutritional supplements on social functioning, irritability, and hyperactivity symptoms in children with ASD were included. A network meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted to calculate mean differences (MD) and 95% credible intervals (CrI). Interventions were ranked using SUCRA values. Data analysis was performed using R version 4.5.0.
Results: A total of 16 RCTs involving 736 children with ASD were included. The results of the network meta-analysis indicate that in terms of social functioning, Omega-3 [MD = - 2.29 (- 3.52, - 1.07)] and Vitamin D (VD) [MD = - 2.89 (- 5.08, - 0.72)] were associated with lower scores compared to UT, and both were superior to probiotics (Omega-3 vs. Probiotic: MD = - 1.74; VD vs. Probiotic: MD = -…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 736 participants or records.
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