Effect of omega-3 supplementation vs. placebo on blood lipid levels in patients with ischemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background and aim: Residual dyslipidemia persists in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients despite statins. Omega-3 fatty acids may help, but their precise lipid effects and clinical integration need clarification. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate omega-3's impact on lipid profiles in IHD and contextualize findings within modern prevention strategies.
Methods and results: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus (1988-2024) for RCTs of omega-3 (1-4 g/day EPA + DHA) versus placebo in IHD adults. Ten RCTs (n = 633) were included. Risk of bias (RoB 2) and evidence certainty (GRADE) were assessed. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Omega-3 significantly reduced triglycerides (MD: -17.53 mg/dL, 95% CI: -30.64 to -4.41; p = 0.009) and LDL-C (MD: -9.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: -14.20 to -4.65; p = 0.0001). A trend favored total cholesterol reduction (MD: -6.03 mg/dL, p = 0.05). HDL-C increased post-sensitivity analysis (MD: 1.66 mg/dL, p = 0.03). Heterogeneity was low (I2 = 0-31%). Evidence certainty was moderate for TG and LDL-C outcomes.
Conclusions: Omega-3 supplementation significantly improves atherogenic lipids in IHD patients, supporting its adjunctive use. Implementation should prioritize high-dose EPA formulations and integrate with statin therapy within digitally-enhanced secondary prevention programs.
Prospero registration number: CRD42025643552.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 633 participants or records.
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