Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known for anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits, but their impact on solid organ transplant outcomes is unclear.
Objectives: To assess the effects of omega-3 supplementation on clinical outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through May 2025. Eligible studies were evaluated for transplant-related outcomes, with the primary outcome being graft rejection at 30-day, 3-month, and 1-year post-transplant. Secondary outcomes included changes in lipid profile, blood pressure, renal function, and infection rates.
Results: Sixteen trials involving 1,020 patients were included. Omega-3 supplementation did not result in a statistically significant reduction in rejection rates at 30 days, 3 months, or 1 year post-transplant. Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (Hedges' g = -0.72; 95 % CI: -1.31 to -0.13), and total cholesterol levels also declined (Hedges' g = -0.64; 95 % CI: -1.04 to -0.24), particularly in kidney transplant recipients. In heart transplant recipients, systolic blood pressure decreased significantly (Hedges' g = -1.03; 95 % confidence interval: -1.53 to -0.54). Effects on high- and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glomerular filtration rate, and creatinine clearance were inconsistent and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 1,020 participants or records.
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